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etrogenes

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There are 9 letters in ETROGENES ( E¹G²N¹O¹R¹S¹T¹ )

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EGO ENG ENS EON ERE ERG ERN ERS GEE GEN GET GOR GOS GOT NEE NEG NET NOG NOR NOS NOT OES ONE ONS ORE ORS ORT OSE REE REG RES RET ROE ROT SEE SEG SEN SER SET SON SOT TEE TEG TEN TOE TOG TON TOR

2 letters out of ETROGENES

EN ER ES ET GO NE NO OE ON OR OS RE SO TO

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Etrogenes might refer to
An Estrogen ester is an ester of an estrogen, most typically of estradiol but also of other estrogens such as estrone, estriol, and even nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Esterification renders estradiol into a prodrug of estradiol with increased resistance to first-pass metabolism, slightly improving its oral bioavailability. In addition, estrogen esters have increased lipophilicity, which results in a longer duration when given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection due to the formation of a long-lasting local depot in muscle and fat. Conversely, this is not the case with intravenous injection or oral administration. Estrogen esters are rapidly hydrolyzed into their parent estrogen by esterases once they have been released from the depot. Because estradiol esters are prodrugs of estradiol, they are considered to be natural and bioidentical forms of estrogen.Estrogen esters are used in hormone therapy, hormonal contraception, and high-dose estrogen therapy (e.g., for prostate cancer and breast cancer), among other indications. The first estrogen ester to be marketed was estradiol benzoate in 1936, which was followed by many more. One of the most widely used estradiol esters is estradiol valerate, which was first introduced in 1954. Other major estradiol esters that are or have been used in medicine include estradiol acetate, estradiol cypionate, estradiol dipropionate, estradiol enanthate, estradiol undecylate, and polyestradiol phosphate (an estrogen ester polymer), as well as the nitrogen mustard alkylating antineoplastic agent estramustine phosphate (estradiol normustine phosphate).Estrogen esters are essentially inactive themselves, with esters such as estradiol valerate and estradiol sulfate having about 2% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. Likewise, the estrogen ether mestranol (ethinylestradiol 3-methyl ether) has about 1% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. Estrone sulfate has less than 1% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor.In general, the longer the fatty acid ester chain of an estrogen ester, the greater its lipophilicity, and the longer the duration of the estrogen ester with intramuscular injection. It has been said that, via intramuscular injection, the duration of estradiol benzoate (with an ester of length 1 carbon plus a benzene ring) is 2 to 3 days, of estradiol dipropionate (with two esters each of length 2 carbons) is 1 to 2 weeks, of estradiol valerate (ester of 5 carbons) is 1 to 3 weeks, and of estradiol cypionate (ester of 3 carbons plus a cyclopentane ring) is 3 to 4 weeks. Estradiol enanthate (ester of 7 carbons) has a duration of at least 30 days. Likewise, estradiol undecylate (ester of 10 carbons) has a very extended duration, which is longer than that of all of the aforementioned esters.Polyestradiol phosphate is an atypical estradiol ester. It is a phosphoric acid ester of estradiol in the form of a polymer, with an average pol...

Etrogenes might refer to

An Estrogen ester is an ester of an estrogen, most typically of estradiol but also of other estrogens such as estrone, estriol, and even nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. Esterification renders estradiol into a prodrug of estradiol with increased resistance to first-pass metabolism, slightly improving its oral bioavailability. In addition, estrogen esters have increased lipophilicity, which results in a longer duration when given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection due to the formation of a long-lasting local depot in muscle and fat. Conversely, this is not the case with intravenous injection or oral administration. Estrogen esters are rapidly hydrolyzed into their parent estrogen by esterases once they have been released from the depot. Because estradiol esters are prodrugs of estradiol, they are considered to be natural and bioidentical forms of estrogen.Estrogen esters are used in hormone therapy, hormonal contraception, and high-dose estrogen therapy (e.g., for prostate cancer and breast cancer), among other indications. The first estrogen ester to be marketed was estradiol benzoate in 1936, which was followed by many more. One of the most widely used estradiol esters is estradiol valerate, which was first introduced in 1954. Other major estradiol esters that are or have been used in medicine include estradiol acetate, estradiol cypionate, estradiol dipropionate, estradiol enanthate, estradiol undecylate, and polyestradiol phosphate (an estrogen ester polymer), as well as the nitrogen mustard alkylating antineoplastic agent estramustine phosphate (estradiol normustine phosphate).Estrogen esters are essentially inactive themselves, with esters such as estradiol valerate and estradiol sulfate having about 2% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. Likewise, the estrogen ether mestranol (ethinylestradiol 3-methyl ether) has about 1% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. Estrone sulfate has less than 1% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor.In general, the longer the fatty acid ester chain of an estrogen ester, the greater its lipophilicity, and the longer the duration of the estrogen ester with intramuscular injection. It has been said that, via intramuscular injection, the duration of estradiol benzoate (with an ester of length 1 carbon plus a benzene ring) is 2 to 3 days, of estradiol dipropionate (with two esters each of length 2 carbons) is 1 to 2 weeks, of estradiol valerate (ester of 5 carbons) is 1 to 3 weeks, and of estradiol cypionate (ester of 3 carbons plus a cyclopentane ring) is 3 to 4 weeks. Estradiol enanthate (ester of 7 carbons) has a duration of at least 30 days. Likewise, estradiol undecylate (ester of 10 carbons) has a very extended duration, which is longer than that of all of the aforementioned esters.Polyestradiol phosphate is an atypical estradiol ester. It is a phosphoric acid ester of estradiol in the form of a polymer, with an average pol...

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